Solutions by sector

The same work repeats in every industry under a different name.

Reading dates out of a signed purchase agreement and reading a title block off a machining drawing are the same machine with a different vocabulary. Below is a map of both axes: what each sector repeats, and which sectors are quietly running the same thing as you.


Figure 01 / the map

12 sectors, 8 shapes of work

Sectors / 12 208 areas of repeated work

Key Warm an industry Cool a shape of work A link between the two is a door. Open it.

Open a sector to see what it repeats. Each of those connects outward to the shape underneath it, and that shape leads to every other industry running the same job. The lists below carry the same information and are the authoritative version of it.

Index / every sector Each one links to its own page
Real estate
A brokerage runs on dates that were calculated by a person reading a contract, and on leads that arrive in a different shape from every portal.
Law firms
The same client name is typed into the conflicts database, the practice management system, the document management system and the ledger, and a conflict is only found later if two people spelled it the same way.
Field services
The technician photographs the nameplate, then types the model and serial from that photo, usually somewhere with bad light and worse signal.
Accounting and bookkeeping
Everything is finished and the return still cannot be filed, because the signature authorisation has not come back.
Medical and dental practices
Electronic eligibility answers whether a patient is covered, and then somebody opens the payer portal anyway to find out what is actually payable.
Insurance agencies
A certificate request arrives as a sentence in an email, and answering it correctly requires deciding which endorsements the policy actually grants.
Construction and contracting
The estimate, the project system and the accounting system each hold a cost code structure, and the mapping between them lives in a spreadsheet maintained by one person.
Property management
The management system is authoritative for money and knows nothing about the phone call where the owner approved the repair.
Logistics and freight
The same seven facts about a load get typed into the system, then onto the bill of lading, then onto the invoice.
Manufacturing
The quote was built against one revision and the drawing in the operator hand is another, which is the defect this sector is built around.
Recruiting and staffing
The parser reads the resume, then somebody corrects the employment dates it merged, which is most of the time it was supposed to save.
Wealth management
The account application comes back not in good order because of a missing initial, and the whole signature cycle runs again.

Figure 02 / across sectors

8 shapes of work, and everywhere they turn up

Sorted by the machine rather than by the industry. If your own row sits beside trades you have never worked in, that is the point of the section.

Document extraction / 12 sectors 46 systems named

Reading a document and returning fields

A document arrives as a scan, a portal export or a flattened PDF, and a person retypes the parts that matter into a system that will not accept the file itself. Underneath, the work is identical in every sector that has this problem. Name the fields, read them, record how certain the model was about each one, and put a person in front of only the uncertain ones. What changes between a purchase agreement and a machining drawing is the vocabulary and the layout, never the shape of the job.

Real estate
Reading dates out of a ratified contract
Real estate
Abstracting a commercial lease into dated fields
Real estate
Filling an MLS input sheet from the listing agreement
Law firms
Turning a docket entry into a calendar
Law firms
Turning a delivered transcript into a usable set of cites
Law firms
Coding a filing fee to the matter that will repay it
Field services
Reading a nameplate so nobody retypes it
Field services
Reading a year of utility bills into a load calculation
Accounting and bookkeeping
Getting statements and receipts into one shape
Accounting and bookkeeping
Reading a Schedule K-1 into the return without retyping
Medical and dental practices
Reading an insurance card into a plan that already exists
Medical and dental practices
Loading a contracted fee schedule into the plans that use it
Insurance agencies
Reading a certificate request and preparing the answer
Insurance agencies
Reading a property schedule from a spreadsheet into the application
Construction and contracting
Building a submittal register from the specification
Construction and contracting
Reading signed field tickets into billable change work
Property management
Reading income documents out of a rental application
Logistics and freight
Reading a rate confirmation once instead of three times
Logistics and freight
Checking a carrier before the load is tendered
Logistics and freight
Reading a lumper receipt into a billable accessorial
Manufacturing
Opening a request to quote without retyping the title block
Manufacturing
Reading the quality clauses off an incoming purchase order
Manufacturing
Numbering every drawing characteristic for a first article report
Manufacturing
Filing a mill test report against the heat received
Recruiting and staffing
Fixing what the parser got wrong before a person sees it
Recruiting and staffing
Reading expiry dates off certificate scans into dated fields
Wealth management
Reading outside statements into a planning file
Intake and routing / 12 sectors 30 systems named

Turning an arriving request into a routed record

Requests arrive through a web form, through a phone call, through a portal login and through an inbox that somebody forwards, each in a shape of its own, and the first person to retype one into the system of record effectively owns it. The machine underneath normalises every arrival into a single record, decides what kind of thing it is, attaches whatever context already exists, and routes it by a rule the business has actually agreed on. The hard part is never the software. It is writing the routing rule down.

Real estate
Turning portal leads into one shape a person can work
Real estate
Turning an after hours maintenance call into one work order
Law firms
Entering a new client once instead of four times
Law firms
Filing client email to the matter instead of the inbox
Field services
Booking a service call without a person typing it
Field services
Sorting a return visit into callback or new work
Field services
Turning a portal work order into a dispatched job
Accounting and bookkeeping
Turning a tax notice into a dated response record
Medical and dental practices
Sorting rejections that need a person from ones that do not
Insurance agencies
Working pending cancellation notices the same way every time
Insurance agencies
Turning a phoned in loss report into a submitted claim
Insurance agencies
Clearing an inbound submission before a market gets blocked
Insurance agencies
Deciding which renewal increases are worth remarketing
Construction and contracting
Sorting bid invitations into one decided bid board
Property management
Turning a reported problem into a routed work order
Logistics and freight
Turning driver texts and voicemails into load status events
Manufacturing
Turning a rejected part into a routed nonconformance record
Recruiting and staffing
Turning portal requisition alerts into one owned job order
Wealth management
Turning a client text into one preserved record
Chasing to complete / 12 sectors 38 systems named

Chasing an outstanding item until it is complete

Somebody holds a list of items that are missing, compares it against what has arrived, sends a reminder about the gap, and then has to remember to look again later that week. It is the least interesting work in any business and it is where the most money leaks, because the reminder that never went out is invisible. The comparison and the reminder and the remembering are all mechanical. Deciding whether what came back is acceptable is not, so that stays with a person.

Real estate
Chasing a compliance file to complete
Real estate
Chasing a referral fee through to a closing you cannot see
Law firms
Asking for the replenishment before the retainer runs to zero
Law firms
Chasing medical records until the set is complete
Law firms
Getting a deposition on the calendar of every party
Field services
Chasing the warranty credit the distributor has not issued
Field services
Clearing the HERS verification that holds a permit final
Field services
Working an aging replacement proposal before it goes stale
Accounting and bookkeeping
Turning uncategorised transactions into one question list
Accounting and bookkeeping
Chasing the signature that is holding up a filing
Accounting and bookkeeping
Getting a W-9 out of a vendor before the first payment
Medical and dental practices
Chasing claims that were acknowledged and then went quiet
Medical and dental practices
Following a predetermination that never came back
Medical and dental practices
Working the treatment accepted last year and never scheduled
Insurance agencies
Collecting loss runs without a person waiting on each one
Insurance agencies
Chasing the signed forms that have to be in the file
Construction and contracting
Collecting lien waivers before the payment run
Construction and contracting
Chasing an information request to an answer
Construction and contracting
Refreshing subcontractor prequalification before the file goes stale
Construction and contracting
Chasing retention left behind after substantial completion
Property management
Getting an owner decision without three follow ups
Property management
Chasing signatures and funds before keys change hands
Property management
Working the delinquency list before it reaches court
Logistics and freight
Getting the delivery receipt to the invoice
Logistics and freight
Working a cargo claim through to a written answer
Manufacturing
Attaching a reason to every unexplained machine stop
Manufacturing
Chasing parts sitting at the plater or heat treater
Manufacturing
Working a supplier corrective action request to closure
Recruiting and staffing
Keeping submission status current without a spreadsheet
Recruiting and staffing
Collecting timesheets without a person asking twice
Recruiting and staffing
Chasing a placement fee through the guarantee window
Wealth management
Chasing an account transfer that stopped moving
Wealth management
Closing the gaps in beneficiary designations on file
Wealth management
Chasing proof that annual disclosures reached each client
Reconciliation / 12 sectors 38 systems named

Matching two lists that do not agree

Two systems hold overlapping records and neither agrees with the other, so somebody works a queue of unmatched rows by eye, mostly confirming matches that were obvious. Matching on an exact string is what makes these queues long, because the same entity is spelled four ways across four systems. The useful version matches on several weaker signals at once, clears what is unambiguous, and hands over only the genuinely ambiguous rows with the evidence for each candidate attached.

Real estate
Rebuilding an annual operating expense reconciliation from the lease
Real estate
Reconciling a broker trust account three ways every month
Real estate
Matching a closed transaction back to the lead that produced it
Real estate
Collapsing two overlapping MLS feeds into one property list
Law firms
Widening a conflicts search past exact spelling
Law firms
Rebuilding a billable day from the trail the systems already keep
Law firms
Assembling the monthly three way trust reconciliation packet
Field services
Matching refrigerant bought against refrigerant put into equipment
Field services
Finding the parts the truck says it still has
Accounting and bookkeeping
Joining one client across the ledger and the tax file
Accounting and bookkeeping
Clearing the duplicate rows a feed backfill leaves behind
Accounting and bookkeeping
Splitting a processor payout back into sales and fees
Medical and dental practices
Keeping a recall list from going stale
Medical and dental practices
Posting a remittance that does not balance to the ledger
Insurance agencies
Clearing the unmatched download queue
Insurance agencies
Checking an issued policy against what was actually bound
Insurance agencies
Reconciling direct bill commission statements against the policy records
Insurance agencies
Checking a workers compensation audit before the insured pays it
Construction and contracting
Reconciling cost codes between the estimate and the ledger
Construction and contracting
Matching supplier invoices to signed delivery tickets
Property management
Matching vendor invoices against work orders and owner charges
Property management
Reconciling a master utility bill against unit allocations
Logistics and freight
Matching a carrier invoice against the rate confirmation
Logistics and freight
Comparing who was booked against who actually hauled
Manufacturing
Finding jobs running to a superseded drawing revision
Manufacturing
Closing the gap between estimated hours and actual hours
Recruiting and staffing
Collapsing one person into a single candidate record
Recruiting and staffing
Matching approved portal hours against what you billed
Wealth management
Matching billing groups against the custodian account list
Wealth management
Working the queue of positions that will not reconcile
Status propagation / 12 sectors 33 systems named

Writing one fact into every system that needs it

A single fact changes, and it now belongs in the system of record, the platform the counterparty can see, the accounting file and whatever spreadsheet somebody built because the other three were too slow to ask. Typed four times, it is wrong in at least one of them within a week. The constraint is almost never the reading. It is whether each destination permits a write at all, which is a licensing question rather than an engineering one, and it has to be answered before anything is built.

Real estate
Keeping a status change from being typed four times
Law firms
Closing a matter in every system that still holds it
Field services
Retiring old equipment from every record naming it
Accounting and bookkeeping
Writing one client change into every system that holds it
Medical and dental practices
Writing one staffing change into every system that grants access
Insurance agencies
Keeping an endorsement change from being typed twice
Construction and contracting
Writing an approved change order into every system
Property management
Posting scheduled rent steps and index adjustments
Logistics and freight
Writing a moved dock appointment into every place it lives
Manufacturing
Answering where an order is without walking the floor
Recruiting and staffing
Confirming an interview slot in every place it lives
Recruiting and staffing
Writing agreed placement terms into every billing system
Wealth management
Writing one client change into every system that holds it
Package assembly / 12 sectors 40 systems named

Assembling a package from records at one moment

At a fixed moment, a month end or a shipment or the close of a meeting, somebody gathers records that already exist into a bundle and sends it out. Nothing here is a judgment call, which is why it gets pushed to whoever has the least standing to refuse it, and why it goes out late. Collecting the records and putting them into one document is mechanical work. Approving what is about to leave the building is the one step worth a person.

Real estate
Building a commission disbursement authorization at closing
Real estate
Drafting a seller net sheet from a payoff statement
Law firms
Building a demand package the adjuster can actually open
Law firms
Filling a mandatory form set from the matter record
Law firms
Drafting the disbursement statement behind a settlement payment
Field services
Getting the job photos onto the invoice before it sends
Field services
Assembling the rebate submission before the program window closes
Accounting and bookkeeping
Building the month end binder from the ledger
Accounting and bookkeeping
Preparing state sales tax filings from ledger detail
Medical and dental practices
Assembling the radiographs and narrative a claim needs
Medical and dental practices
Putting a records release together from four separate systems
Medical and dental practices
Billing a medical plan for an oral sleep appliance
Insurance agencies
Building the renewal submission packet ahead of the expiration date
Construction and contracting
Assembling the monthly payment application and its backup
Construction and contracting
Building the closeout package final payment depends on
Construction and contracting
Pulling photo evidence together for a backcharge argument
Property management
Assembling the monthly owner statement run
Property management
Building the record behind a declined rental application
Property management
Assembling the deposit disposition after a move out
Property management
Answering estoppel and lender questionnaire requests for an association
Logistics and freight
Building the detention file before the charge is billed
Logistics and freight
Assembling a cargo claim file from what the load already holds
Manufacturing
Assembling a certificate package at shipment
Recruiting and staffing
Building the pre adverse action packet from the report
Recruiting and staffing
Assembling the first day paperwork for a new contractor
Wealth management
Turning a meeting into records and tasks
Wealth management
Building and sending the quarterly client report pack
Wealth management
Assembling what an adviser needs before a review meeting
Rejection prechecks / 12 sectors 40 systems named

Catching a rejection before the other side does

A submission goes out to a clerk, a carrier, a custodian or a payer, and comes back days later over something small enough to have been caught in a second. The rules that governed the rejection were published the whole time, and the delay costs far more than the error did. Encoding those rules and running them before the thing is sent is the entire pattern, and what it is worth is measured in round trips that never happened.

Real estate
Counting the clock that public marketing starts on a listing
Real estate
Checking for a signed buyer agreement before a tour is confirmed
Law firms
Catching a filing rejection before the clerk does
Law firms
Catching the invoice lines an e-billing gate will reject
Field services
Checking that a technician may legally take the call
Field services
Filing a backflow test report the purveyor will accept
Accounting and bookkeeping
Checking a trial balance against the tax grouping before import
Accounting and bookkeeping
Catching the rejects a return will come back with
Medical and dental practices
Verifying benefits without opening six portals
Medical and dental practices
Stopping the claim that will come back for one field
Insurance agencies
Checking a commercial submission before the underwriter sees it
Insurance agencies
Preparing a surplus lines filing so the stamping office takes it
Construction and contracting
Catching certified payroll errors before the agency portal does
Construction and contracting
Checking a bid package against the instructions to bidders
Property management
Checking an eviction filing before the clerk rejects it
Logistics and freight
Checking a freight invoice against the billing rules of the customer
Logistics and freight
Confirming who the carrier payment is actually owed to
Manufacturing
Checking a production part approval package before submitting
Manufacturing
Testing a shipment notice before the customer scans it
Recruiting and staffing
Checking a submittal against the rules of the client
Wealth management
Catching a paperwork rejection before the custodian does
Wealth management
Checking a fee file before the custodian posts it
Lapse watch / 12 sectors 44 systems named

Noticing that something has quietly stopped

Nothing announces itself. A feed stops delivering, a registration window closes, a figure the plan depends on quietly ages past the point where it means anything, and the visits somebody already paid for are never booked. None of it raises an error, because from the software point of view nothing happened. Work that fails by absence is invisible to everyone except the person who eventually gets the bill, and it is the cheapest kind to catch, because a system that knows what should have arrived by now can simply say so.

Real estate
Noticing that an agent licence has quietly lapsed
Real estate
Watching an MLS feed for the day it goes quiet
Law firms
Catching a lapse date nobody put on a calendar
Field services
Closing the registration window before it closes you
Field services
Scheduling the visits a membership already promised
Field services
Closing the permit that never got its final inspection
Accounting and bookkeeping
Noticing a broken bank feed the day it breaks
Accounting and bookkeeping
Noticing a transmitted return that never came back accepted
Accounting and bookkeeping
Spotting a payroll filing that quietly did not happen
Medical and dental practices
Noticing that remittance files from one payer stopped arriving
Medical and dental practices
Catching a licence or attestation before it goes inactive
Medical and dental practices
Finding visits that happened and never became a claim
Insurance agencies
Noticing a producer licence or appointment before it expires
Insurance agencies
Catching the renewal that the carrier never sent
Construction and contracting
Noticing a subcontractor policy that expired mid job
Construction and contracting
Calendaring notice windows from the first furnishing date
Property management
Catching leases that drift into month to month
Property management
Finding work orders that quietly stopped moving
Property management
Watching vendor insurance and tax records for expiry
Property management
Noticing when a required resident policy quietly stops
Logistics and freight
Noticing a tender that was never actually accepted
Logistics and freight
Finding loads where tracking quietly never connected
Logistics and freight
Finding delivered loads that were never invoiced at all
Logistics and freight
Catching a carrier whose insurance or authority has lapsed
Manufacturing
Catching gauges that pass their calibration due date
Manufacturing
Watching outside processor approvals expire before the order ships
Manufacturing
Billing the shipments that never became an invoice
Recruiting and staffing
Noticing a screening order that quietly went nowhere
Recruiting and staffing
Catching work authorisation that expires mid assignment
Recruiting and staffing
Working assignment end dates before the contractor is gone
Recruiting and staffing
Keeping the evidence file for an automated screening tool
Wealth management
Keeping outside assets from silently going stale
Wealth management
Noticing that a custodian data file never arrived
Wealth management
Watching for a required distribution that never happened
Wealth management
Catching the day the archive stopped capturing someone

Not listed / what to do The shape matters more than the label

If your industry is not here, the work usually still is. The four shapes on what we build cover most of it, and the review exists to find out which of them applies to you before anybody commits to a build.